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The Plant Cell

https://doi.org/10.1093/plcell/koad013

Mapping the signaling network of BIN2 kinase using TurboID-mediated biotin labeling and phosphoproteomics

Tae-Wuk Kim, Chan Ho Park, Chuan-Chih Hsu, Yeong-Woo Kim, Yeong-Woo Ko, Zhenzhen Zhang, Jia-Ying Zhu, Yu-Chun Hsiao, Tess Branon, Krista Kaasik, Evan Saldivar, Kevin Li, Asher Pasha, Nicholas J Provart, Alma L Burlingame, Shou-Ling Xu, Alice Y Ting, Zhi-Yong Wang

Abstract

Elucidating enzyme-substrate relationships in posttranslational modification (PTM) networks is crucial for understanding signal transduction pathways but is technically difficult because enzyme-substrate interactions tend to be transient. Here we demonstrate that TurboID-based proximity labeling (TbPL) effectively and specifically captures the substrates of kinases and phosphatases. TbPL-mass spectrometry (TbPL-MS) identified over four hundred proximal proteins of Arabidopsis thaliana BRASSINOSTEROID-INSENSITIVE2 (BIN2), a member of the GLYCOGEN SYNTHASE KINASE 3 (GSK3) family that integrates signaling pathways controlling diverse developmental and acclimation processes. A large portion of the BIN2 proximal proteins showed BIN2-dependent phosphorylation in vivo or in vitro, suggesting that these are BIN2 substrates. Protein-protein interaction network analysis showed that the BIN2 proximal proteins include interactors of BIN2 substrates, revealing a high level of interactions among the BIN2 proximal proteins. Our proteomic analysis establishes the BIN2 signaling network and uncovers BIN2 functions in regulating key cellular processes such as transcription, RNA processing, translation initiation, vesicle trafficking, and cytoskeleton organization. We further discovered significant overlap between the GSK3 phosphorylome and the O-GlcNAcylome, suggesting an evolutionarily ancient relationship between GSK3 and the nutrient-sensing O-glycosylation pathway. Our work presents a powerful method for mapping PTM networks, a large dataset of GSK3 kinase substrates, and important insights into the signaling network that controls key cellular functions underlying plant growth and acclimation.